A study in humans demonstrated that the expression profiles of piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) can discriminate forensically relevant biological fluids, with a panel of 37 candidate piRNAs achieving a classification error rate of 0.04 in a PLS-DA model [Wang et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.07.015]. A study in humans identified the piR-hsa-18348 as an absolute specific marker for venous blood, demonstrating high specificity and expression in massively parallel sequencing analysis of forensic stains [Liu et al. DOI:10.3390/genes13091530].