A study in humans characterized piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) expression in six forensically relevant biological fluids and stains (venous blood, menstrual blood, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions, and skin) using massively parallel sequencing [Wang et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.07.015]. A study in humans identified the piR-hsa-20757 as an absolute specific marker for vaginal secretion, demonstrating high specificity with level IV specificity in two out of five and level III in three out of five pairwise comparisons and moderate expression [Liu et al. DOI:10.3390/genes13091530].