A study in humans demonstrated that the piR-hsa-1207 is significantly more highly expressed in menstrual blood (73-fold higher) than in venous blood, with no overlap in individual ΔCq values, validating its potential for distinguishing these two biofluids [Wang et al. DOI:10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.07.015]. This piRNA was also identified as having potential for distinguishing venous blood from menstrual blood in a broader review of non-coding RNA applications in forensic science [Li et al. DOI:10.1093/fsr/owad003].